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murram - What does it mean?

Definition of 'murram'

English

Alternative forms

* maram, marram, muram

Noun

(-)
  • (East Africa|India) Laterite.
  • * 1873, Frank Robertson, Engineering Notes , E. & F. N. Spon, page 313,
    • 142. Floor for natives to be paved if for cots, otherwise to be murram or chunam, say 6? rubble or concrete, plastered.
  • * 1909, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India , Geological Survey of India, page 845,
    • The southern band of schists is also seen on the southern side of the Haladgáon hills in a murram quarry and as a band separating the quartzite and manganese-ore of Gumgáon hill.
  • * 1975, William Adams Hance, The Geography of Modern Africa , Second Edition, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0231038690, page 27,
    • Laterite or murram , having a tendency to harden upon exposure, is often satisfactory when traffic is light, but it tends to corrugate or break down with heavier use.
  • * 1976, Norman Francis Hughes, Institution of Civil Engineers, Manual of Applied Geology for Engineers , Thomas Telford, ISBN 0727700383,
    • page xxvi: Murram : Generally iron concretions formed in tropical soils, transitional to, or an early stage of, laterite formation.
    page 73, in figure: Brownish red loam with murram in subsoil
    page 75: In ferruginous tropical soils'' and ''ferrallites'' (Table 10) much iron released in weathering is often redeposited in the form of gravelly concretions locally termed ''murram'' . The word ‘''laterite ’ has been used for two distinct forms of precipitated iron.
  • * 1984, Jonathan Kingdon, East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume IIB: Hares and Rodents , University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226437205, page 441,
    • They are a familiar sight to most travellers of the murram roads of Uganda.
  • * 1991, Donald B. Freeman, A City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya , McGill-Queen's Press, ISBN 0773508228, page 33,
    • Tracks and roads were at first rough and rutted, and quickly became quagmires in the rainy seasons before being surfaced first with "murram " gravel, later with tarmac.
  • * 1991, Bernard Verdcourt, Boraginaceae'', a volume of R.M. Polhill (Ed.), ''Flora of Tropical East Africa , A.A. Balkema, ISBN 90-6191-354-3, page 108,
    • Hab.   Grassland, bushland, often as a weed in plantations, cultivation edges, murram roadsides and other areas of bare soil; (?600–)1140–2040(–?2520) m.
  • * 2006, Robert Tripp, Self-Sufficient Agriculture: Labour and Knowledge in Small-Scale Farming , James & James/Earthscan, ISBN 1844072967, page 134,
    • The soils vary from sandy, sandy clay and clay to shallow young soils of mainly murram or gravel.
  • * Pascal Belda, Kenya , MTH Multimedia S.L., ISBN 8493397873, page 190,
    • Kenya's road network comprises 9,000km of bitaminised road, 27,000km of murram all-weather roads, and 27,000km of non-classified roads.
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    Similar to 'murram'

    mawworm, marram, mahram